Criminal Defense Lawyers in Memphis, TN: When to Call One
Updated 2026-10-06
Many people wait too long to call a criminal defense lawyer. They hope a problem will go away, or they think they can explain things themselves. In a criminal case, early steps can affect what happens later. This guide explains when to call a criminal defense lawyer in Memphis, Tennessee, how to check a lawyer, and what to ask.
When to call a criminal defense lawyer
The short answer is: as early as you can. Here are common moments when people reach out:
- Police want to talk to you. If an officer or detective asks you to come in or "just answer a few questions," you can ask for a lawyer first.
- You learn you are under investigation, for example through a search warrant, a subpoena, or a call from an investigator.
- You are arrested or receive a citation or summons. Court dates and bond conditions start right away.
- You are offered a plea deal. A plea usually creates a conviction, which can have long-lasting effects.
- You are on probation and accused of a violation.
- You are not a U.S. citizen and face any criminal charge. A conviction can affect immigration status, so you may want a lawyer who understands both areas.
If you are unsure whether your situation is serious, a short consultation can help you understand the risks.
Know the local setting
Memphis is the largest city in Shelby County and the county seat. State criminal cases from the city generally move through Shelby County's courts. Some cases are federal instead, depending on the law involved, and federal court has its own procedures. The USAGov courts page explains the difference between federal, state, county, and municipal courts in plain language.
A lawyer who regularly appears in Shelby County courts will know how local cases tend to move. You can compare options on the criminal defense lawyers in Memphis page.
What to do before your first meeting
- Do not discuss the facts with police, friends, or on social media. You have the right to remain silent.
- Keep every document, including bond papers, citations, warrants, and court notices.
- Write down what happened as soon as you can, and share it only with your lawyer.
- Make a list of witnesses and anyone who may have video or messages related to the case.
- Note every court date. Missing court can lead to new charges or a warrant.
Check the Tennessee license
Lawyers who practice in Tennessee courts must be licensed in Tennessee. The Board of Professional Responsibility of the Supreme Court of Tennessee keeps public records about Tennessee attorneys, including their status. Ask for the lawyer's full name and Tennessee license number, then look them up before you sign anything.
An advertisement, review site, or social media page is not an official record. Check the license yourself.
Public defender or private lawyer?
If you cannot afford a lawyer and you face a charge that could lead to jail time, you can ask the court to appoint one. A public defender is a licensed lawyer whose job is to defend you. Eligibility is decided by the court, usually early in the case.
Some people hire a private lawyer so they can choose who represents them. What matters most is having a lawyer before key decisions, such as bond, plea offers, and hearings.
How criminal defense lawyers charge
Criminal defense lawyers often charge a flat fee for a defined part of the case, or bill by the hour. A flat fee may cover the case up to a plea or preliminary hearing, with a separate fee for trial. Ask:
- What exactly does the fee cover?
- Is there an extra fee if the case goes to trial or is appealed?
- Are investigator fees, outside reports, or court costs separate?
- What happens to the fee if the case ends early?
Put every term in a written agreement and keep your receipts.
Questions to ask at the consultation
- How often do you handle cases like mine in Shelby County?
- Who will appear in court with me?
- What are the possible outcomes, including risks?
- What are the next steps and deadlines?
- How will you keep me informed?
- Could this case affect my job, license, or immigration status?
Be careful with any lawyer who guarantees a dismissal or no jail time. No lawyer can promise how a prosecutor, judge, or jury will act.
Free and low-cost help
For criminal charges, the public defender process is the main form of free representation for people who qualify. For other legal questions, the USAGov legal aid page explains free and low-cost legal help, and the Legal Services Corporation lets you search for civil legal aid by address.
For other kinds of lawyers in the city, see lawyers in Memphis, or read the criminal defense practice page.
Frequently asked questions
Should I call a lawyer before I am charged?
Many people do. If police want to question you or you learn you are under investigation, a lawyer can explain your rights before you speak.
Can I get a free lawyer in Memphis?
If you cannot afford a lawyer and face possible jail time, you can ask the court to appoint a public defender. The court decides eligibility.
How do I check a Tennessee lawyer's license?
The Board of Professional Responsibility of the Supreme Court of Tennessee keeps public attorney records. Ask the lawyer for their license number and check it.
Will a conviction affect my immigration status?
It can. If you are not a U.S. citizen, tell your lawyer early so they can consider immigration consequences.
This page is general information, not legal advice. Laws change and every case is different — talk to a licensed attorney about your situation.