Elder Financial Abuse: Where Families Can Report

Elder financial abuse happens when an older adult's money or property is taken, misused, or controlled against their wishes. It can be done by a relative, a caregiver, a friend, a neighbor, or a stranger. Sometimes the signs are clear, such as missing funds or a new signature on a document. Other times the pattern builds slowly, and the family notices only after the damage is done.

If you think an older person is being financially exploited, you do not need to be certain before you act. This guide explains the general options families have for reporting concerns, keeping records, and finding legal help. It is general information, not advice about a specific situation.

Common warning signs

Families often notice that bills are going unpaid even though the person has income, that large withdrawals or transfers appear without explanation, or that new names have been added to bank accounts or property records. Other signs include sudden changes to a will, a new power of attorney signed when the person seemed confused, or someone who keeps others away from the older adult and controls their mail or phone.

None of these signs proves abuse by itself. They are reasons to ask questions and write down what you see.

Save records before you confront anyone

Before you raise the issue with the person you suspect, try to collect records. Keep bank and credit card statements, checks, copies of documents, and text or email messages. Write down dates, amounts, and what you were told. A simple timeline is often more useful than a long summary.

Keeping records also protects you. If you are asked to explain what happened, you can point to the facts instead of memory alone.

Where families can report

Reporting options depend on what happened and where the older adult lives. Many states have a state agency that takes reports about vulnerable adults. It is often called Adult Protective Services, although the name and rules vary by state. The USAGov state governments page helps you find state government contacts and major agencies in your state.

If a crime may have happened, such as theft or forgery, the local police or sheriff can take a report. Many states also have an attorney general's office that handles consumer and elder fraud complaints. The same USAGov state page lists state attorneys general, so you can find the right office quickly.

Banks and other financial institutions also have fraud departments. Contact them in writing as well as by phone, and keep a copy of what you send.

When a lawyer may help

A lawyer can explain the civil options that may exist in your state. Depending on the facts, these can include asking a court to recover money, challenging a document that was signed under pressure, or asking a court to review who has authority over the older adult's finances or care. Each option has its own requirements, and some have short deadlines, so talk to a lawyer early.

Ask the lawyer whether the older adult can still make their own choices, and whether any step might affect their independence or privacy. Courts generally prefer less restrictive options when they are available, so a lawyer can explain which options fit the situation.

Look for a lawyer who is licensed in your state and who handles elder law, estate matters, or civil fraud cases. Confirm the license with the state bar.

What to avoid

Do not move money or take control of accounts without legal advice, even if you believe you are acting in the older adult's interest. Do not promise a result to the person you are helping, and do not let anyone pressure you into a quick decision. If someone offers to recover lost money for an upfront fee, be cautious. Scammers often target families after a loss.

Questions to ask a lawyer

• Which state office or court should be involved in my situation?
• What records should I gather before we meet?
• Can the older adult still make decisions for themselves?
• Are there deadlines I need to know about?
• What are the costs, and how are they billed?
• Are there options that would avoid a court case?

Free and low-cost help

Families with limited income may qualify for legal aid. The USAGov legal aid page explains how to find a lawyer and affordable legal aid. Local senior services offices and the state attorney general's office may also have information on available help.

Related: estate and elder planning lawyers and browse guides on legal topics.

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to be sure before I report?

No. A report is a way to ask trained staff to look at the facts. Describe what you saw and when, and say what you do not know. Stick to facts instead of guesses about motives.

Is reporting to police the same as reporting to a state agency?

No. Police handle possible crimes. A state agency that takes reports about vulnerable adults may focus on protecting the person and arranging services. Families sometimes contact both, and a lawyer can explain how they interact in your state.

Can a lawyer stop someone from taking money?

A lawyer can explain the legal tools that may be available and file the appropriate papers if needed. No lawyer can promise that money will be returned or that a particular step will succeed.

What if the older adult refuses help?

This is common and difficult. Ask a lawyer how the state handles situations where an adult has decision-making capacity but is being pressured. Your options depend on the facts and the law where the person lives.

This page is general information, not legal advice. Laws change and every case is different — talk to a licensed attorney about your situation.